Knowledge and management of WEEE by independent repairers in the city of Bouake in a context of health and environmental risk, 2022

Studies on waste management in Côte d'Ivoire are mostly focused on household and solid waste. It is appropriate to take a sustained look at the management of electrical and electronic equipment waste to better guide policies in this area. This work is a cross-sectional study covering the period from April 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. The aim was to determine the knowledge and practices of the independent electrical and electronic repairers of the city of Bouaké in terms of electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE) management. A comprehensive sample of 307 people was interviewed by means of a questionnaire. The repairers interviewed had already heard of WEEE in 47.2% of cases. They had a good level of knowledge of WEEE in 85.5% of cases. In the final model in multivariate analysis, only the possession of a radio set at home had a significant influence on knowledge of WEEE. Repairers were unaware of the existence of D3E management legislation in 60.7% of cases; apart from humans (84.8%) who were most exposed to the dangers of inappropriate management of WEEE, other entities (air, soil, water, animals) would be polluted according to 36.6, 35.2, 4.1, and 3.4% of repairers, respectively. The most feared type of harm reported is injury (95.65%). Subjects dumped WEEE in a municipal landfill in 32.4% of cases. Sale, empowerment of pre-collection agents, and handing over to a recycling professional, cumulatively represent the most common practice (66.9%).

Sustentabilidade além do discurso: análise de experiências internacionais / Sustainability beyond the speech: analysis of international experiences

Os métodos de produção que privilegiam a acumulação do capital acarretam crescente degradação ambiental e impactos na saúde humana. Em busca de inserção em novos mercados e aumento da competitividade, as organizações empresariais incorporam o discurso da sustentabilidade, adotam sistemas de gestão voluntários, como certificações ambientais, de saúde do trabalho e de responsabilidade social. Esta tese tem por objetivo verificar se processos de certificação internacional em empresas podem contribuir para a governança global em saúde e para a sustentabilidade universal. A metodologia adotada foi estudo de caso e baseou-se na atuação do autor. Envolveu a análise de relatórios de auditoria e consultoria em sistemas de gestão de meio ambiente, saúde e segurança do trabalho e responsabilidade social. Descrevem-se experiências em organizações empresariais do setor de mineração, nos países: Colômbia, Moçambique, Guiné, Chile, Peru e Argentina. Apresentam-se os resultados das análises realizadas e sugestões para novos estudos sobre os inter-relacionamentos da Saúde Global, com as questões de meio ambiente e de saúde do trabalhador.

Production methods that favor capital accumulation increase environmental degradation and affect human health. In search of insertion in new markets and increase of supply, as incorporated actions or in sustainability speeches, adopted voluntary management systems, such as environmental certifications, occupational health and social responsibility. This aims to verify whether international certification processes in companies can contribute to global health governance and universal sustainability. The methodology adopted was the case study and was based on the author's performance. Involve an analysis of audit reports and advice on environmental, occupational health and safety and social responsibility management systems. Experiences in mining sector organizations in Colombia, Mozambique, Guinea, Chile, Peru and Argentina are described. We present the results of the recorded analyzes and suggestions for further studies on the interests of Global Health, with environmental and occupational health issues.

IMPULSORES, BARRERAS Y BENEFICIOS PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EN INDUSTRIAS DE CALDAS, COLOMBIA1 / DRIVING FROCES, BARRIERS AND BENEFITS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRIES IN CALDAS, COLOMBIA

Objetivo: Identificar impulsores, barreras y beneficios en la implementación del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental -SGA- en empresas manufactureras del departamento de Caldas. Metodología: Este estudio aborda la evolución de la certificación ISO 14001 a nivel global y nacional, considerando las estadísticas de la encuesta ISO y los informes del Consejo Colombiano de Competitividad. Luego, presenta un análisis descriptivo para 16 empresas manufactureras de los sectores metalmecánico y alimentos y bebidas, localizadas en Caldas. Para su realización, se recolectó información primaria mediante entrevistas a los responsables del SGA en las industrias; se emplearon instrumentos metodológicos basados en los requisitos de la ISO 14001. Los resultados obtenidos fueron evaluados por sector y tamaño industrial, para identificar los niveles de cumplimiento del estándar y los principales impulsores, barreras y beneficios en su implementación. Resultados: Las estadísticas revelan que Colombia lidera la certificación ISO 14001 en América Latina; sin embargo, las tasas de adopción son relativamente bajas comparadas con países desarrollados. En Colombia, Santander tiene los mejores indicadores en certificación ISO 14001, mientras que Caldas ocupa la novena posición. Para las empresas evaluadas en Caldas, sólo el 25% estaba certificada en el estándar; se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, con relación al tamaño industrial, en el nivel de implementación del estándar y en los impulsores, barreras y beneficios del SGA. Conclusiones: Los impulsores del SGA son los requerimientos legales y el acceso a mercados, en las grandes empresas evaluadas; la mejora de procesos y la producción sostenible, en las PYME. La principal barrera es el clima organizacional, en grandes empresas; mientras que el costo asociado, en las PYME. Las industrias evaluadas reconocen como beneficios del SGA una mayor satisfacción de partes interesadas; no obstante, su implementación se percibe más como un requerimiento de tipo 'obligatorio' y no como una estrategia voluntaria de mejoramiento.

Objective: To identify driving forces, barriers and benefits for the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in manufacturing industries in the department of Caldas. Methodology: This study addresses an evolution of 14001 certifications at a global and national level considering ISO survey statistics and reports of the Colombian Council on Competitiveness. It also presents a descriptive analysis for 16 manufacturing industries of the metal-mechanic and food and beverage sectors located in the Department of Caldas. To achieve this goal, primary information was collected through interviews with those responsible for EMS in the industries using methodological instruments based on the requirements of ISO 14001 . The results obtained were evaluated according to sector and industry size, in order to identify levels of compliance with the standard and the key driving forces, barriers and benefits in its implementation. Results: Statistics shows that Colombia leads the ISO 14001 certification in Latin America. However, adoption rates are relatively low compared to developed countries. Nationwide, the Department of Santander has the best indicators regarding ISO 14001 certified companies, while the Department of Caldas ranks in the ninth position. For the companies evaluated in the Department of Caldas, only 25% were certified to the standard. Statistically significant differences, regarding the industry size, the standard implementation level and driving forces, barriers and benefits of EMS were found. Conclusions: EMS driving forces are the legal requirements and access to markets in the large companies evaluated and process improvement and sustainable production for SMEs. In large industries, the main barrier is the organizational climate, while in SMEs is the associated cost. The industries evaluated recognize greater stakeholders' satisfaction as EMS benefits but the certification implementation is perceived more as a "mandatory" requirement rather than as an improvement strategy.

Desarrollo de la gestión medioambiental certificada en unidades hospitalarias y ambulatorias de hemodiálisis / Development of certified environmental management in hospital and outpatient haemodialysis units

Antecedentes: El impacto ambiental de la hemodiálisis es destacado. Está destacando la actividad en este sentido incluso a nivel bibliográfico. Los sistemas de gestión medioambiental (SGMA) voluntarios, Environmental Management and Auditing System (EMAS) e International Organization for Standardization (ISO 14001), son instrumentos destacados para la protección medioambiental junto a legislación, impuestos y beneficios fiscales. Objetivos: Conocer el grado de implantación de los SGMA en las unidades de hemodiálisis hospitalarias y ambulatorias del Sistema Nacional de Salud español, para disponer de un grupo de centros de referencia en gestión medioambiental en esta actividad sanitaria. Métodos: Elaboración de un listado por comunidades autónomas que muestre las unidades hospitalarias y ambulatorias de diálisis que disponen en 2012-2013 de EMAS o ISO 14001. Fuentes de información: Catálogo Nacional de Hospitales, Registro Español de Certificación y Acreditación Sanitaria, registros europeo y autonómicos de EMAS, registro mundial de ISO, listados de centros de diálisis de sociedades científicas y de pacientes y, respuesta de entidades acreditadas para certificación medioambiental en España e información de web institucional de cada centro sanitario identificado. Resultados: Un total de 210 hospitales cuentan con hemodiálisis, 53 (25% de centros hospitalarios con diálisis) disponen de ISO 14001 (y 15 de ellos, también EMAS), el 30% del total de puestos hospitalarios en España: 1.291 (de 4.298). Solo se registran 11 clínicas ambulatorias, todas con ISO 14001. Discusión: No existe referente oficial que muestre la implantación de los SGMA en hospitales. Confeccionar este listado ofrece una aproximación a su situación, con especial referencia a la hemodiálisis por su destacada implicación ambiental (AU)

Introduction: The environmental impact of haemodialysis is very high. Institutional activity in this sense is important, even in the production of references. Voluntary environmental management systems (EMS), environmental management and auditing systems (EMAS) and the International Organization for Standardization standards (ISO 14001) are important tools for environmental protection, together with legislation, taxation and tax benefits. Objectives: To determine the degree of implementation of EMS in hospital units and outpatient haemodialysis in the Spanish National Health System to provide a group of reference centres in environmental management in this healthcare activity. Methods: Development of a list by autonomous communities showing hospital and outpatient dialysis units using an EMAS and/or ISO 14001 in 2012-2013. The sources of information were the Spanish National Catalogue of Hospitals, Spanish Registry of Healthcare Certification and Accreditation, European and regional EMAS records, world ISO registrations, dialysis centre lists from scientific societies and patients, responses from accredited entities in Spain for environmental certification and the institutional website of each haemodialysis centre identified. Results: Of the 210 hospitals with a dialysis unit, 53 (25%) have the ISO 14001 and 15 of these also have an EMAS). This constitutes 30% of all hospital dialysis chairs in Spain: 1,291 (of 4,298). Only 11 outpatient clinics are recorded, all with the ISO 14001.Discussion: There is no official documentation of the implementation of EMS in dialysis units. Making this list provides an approach to the situation, with special reference to haemodialysis because of its significant environmental impact (AU)

Indicadores de sustentabilidade em medicina laboratorial / Sustainability indicators in laboratory medicine

O artigo apresenta os princípios conceituais sobre desenvolvimento sustentável, sustentabilidade e avalia a evolução e os impactos na economia, no meio ambiente e na sociedade. Discutem-se a aplicabilidade dos conceitos de sustentabilidade empresarial na medicina laboratorial e os desafios inerentes à implantação no laboratório clínico. O impacto dos indicadores de sustentabilidade e seu papel no processo de gestão também são analisados criticamente sob a ótica do balanço socioambiental. O texto apresenta ainda algumas ferramentas para avaliação e interpretação dos indicadores e sua aplicação no processo de análise crítica. Finalmente, o artigo descreve a importância dos indicadores de sustentabilidade na prática do benchmarking e sua aplicabilidade no laboratório clínico.

The article presents the conceptual principles on sustainable development and sustainability. Furthermore, it evaluates the progress and impacts on the economy, environment and society. It discusses the applicability of the concepts of corporate sustainability in laboratory medicine and the challenges of deployment in the clinical laboratory. The impact of sustainability indicators and their role in management are also critically reviewed from the perspective of social and environmental balance. Additionally, the text provides some tools for evaluation and interpretation of indicators and their corresponding application in the critical analysis process. Lastly, the article describes the importance of sustainability indicators in the practice of benchmarking and its applicability in the clinical laboratory.

Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental y comportamiento ecológico: una discusión teórica de sus relaciones posibles

El presente trabajo discute teóricamente las alternativas para la investigación de los efectos de la implantación de Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental (SGA) en los comportamientos ecológicos de trabajadores fuera del ambiente de trabajo. Además de recapitular la literatura pertinente al tema, sobre todo desde la óptica de la psicología ambiental, adoptamos esta revisión como el pilar teórico del trabajo empírico de la investigación que se ha llevado a cabo el primer semestre de 2008. Esta tiene como objetivo central verificar las relaciones entre los valores personales, creencias ambientales y el comportamiento ecológico en tres muestras de trabajadores brasileños provenientes de empresas certificadas por el SGA, no certificadas pero con política ambiental y no certificadas.(AU)

The present work develops a theoretical discussion about the alternatives to research the effects of the implantation of environmental management systems in the ecological behaviour of Brazilian workers outside their companies. Besides that, it will be developed a literature review that it is the theoretical framework of the empirical phase of the PHD thesis that it is taking place in January, February and March 2008. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between personal values, environmental beliefs and environmental behaviour in Brazilian workers.(AU)

o presente trabalho discute teoricamente as alternativas para a pesquisa dos efeitos da implantação de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) nos comportamentos ecológicos de trabalhadores fora do ambiente de trabalho. Além de recapitular a literatura relacionada ao tema, principalmente partindo da Psicologia Ambiental, adotamos esta revisão como apoio teórico ao trabalho empírico que se realizou no primeiro semestre de 2008. Esta, por sua vez, tem como objetivo central verificar as relações entre os valores pessoais, crenças ambientais e comportamento ecológico de trabalhadores brasileiros advindos de empresas certificadas pelo SGA, não certificadas com e sem política ambiental.(AU)

Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental y comportamiento ecológico: una discusión teórica de sus relaciones posibles / Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental e comportamento ecológico: uma discussão teórica de suas possíveis relações / Environmental Management Systems and Ecological Behavior: a theoretical discussion about the possible relationship

El presente trabajo discute teóricamente las alternativas para la investigación de los efectos de la implantación de Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental (SGA) en los comportamientos ecológicos de trabajadores fuera del ambiente de trabajo. Además de recapitular la literatura pertinente al tema, sobre todo desde la óptica de la psicología ambiental, adoptamos esta revisión como el pilar teórico del trabajo empírico de la investigación que se ha llevado a cabo el primer semestre de 2008. Esta tiene como objetivo central verificar las relaciones entre los valores personales, creencias ambientales y el comportamiento ecológico en tres muestras de trabajadores brasileños provenientes de empresas certificadas por el SGA, no certificadas pero con política ambiental y no certificadas.

The present work develops a theoretical discussion about the alternatives to research the effects of the implantation of environmental management systems in the ecological behaviour of Brazilian workers outside their companies. Besides that, it will be developed a literature review that it is the theoretical framework of the empirical phase of the PHD thesis that it is taking place in January, February and March 2008. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between personal values, environmental beliefs and environmental behaviour in Brazilian workers.

O presente trabalho discute teoricamente as alternativas para a pesquisa dos efeitos da implantação de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) nos comportamentos ecológicos de trabalhadores fora do ambiente de trabalho. Além de recapitular a literatura relacionada ao tema, principalmente partindo da Psicologia Ambiental, adotamos esta revisão como apoio teórico ao trabalho empírico que se realizou no primeiro semestre de 2008. Esta, por sua vez, tem como objetivo central verificar as relações entre os valores pessoais, crenças ambientais e comportamento ecológico de trabalhadores brasileiros advindos de empresas certificadas pelo SGA, não certificadas com e sem política ambiental.

Propuesta de un modelo de sistema de gestión ambiental ISO 14001 para la municipalidad provincial de Huánuco / Proposal of a model of sistem of enviromental administration ISO 14001 for the provincial municipality of Huanuco

La implementación de un Sistema de Gestión Medioambiental implica el reconocimiento público de un compromiso para con el medioambiente, el cumplimiento con el marco legal medioambiental vigente y el uso racional de los recursos no renovables. Esta propuesta empieza con la Revisión Medioambiental, la misma que se plasma en el quehacer municipal mediante una planificación e implementación; posteriormente se realiza una Verificación para contrastar si lo ejecutado es congruente con lo planificado, finalmente el ciclo se complementa con una etapa en la cual se hace una Revisión integral del sistema. Esta secuencia con excepción de la revisión medioambiental inicial, constituyen los requisitos de la Norma ISO 14001. Tanto la revisiones medioambientales como los requisitos mencionados anteriormente se implementara mediante procedimientos, los resultados de dichos procedimientos se plasma en registros, que en nuestro modelo de SGMA propuesto se denomina Formatos. Para cumplir con el objetivo fundamental de la norma ISO 14001; Sin embargo, cabe destacar que este SGMA por sí solo no funciona, se requiere del concurso de cada uno de los involucrados, por lo que un programa de sensibilización y capacitación inicial es de suma importancia.

Implementing of an Environmental Management System it involves the public recognition of a commitment to the environment, compliance with existing environmental legal framework and rational use of nonrenewable resources. This proposal starts with the Environmental Review, the same which results in municipal work by planning and implementation, after which a verification to test whether enforcement is consistent with what was planned, then the cycle is complemented by a stage in which makes a comprehensive review of the system. This sequence except the initial environmental review, are the requirements of ISO 14001. Both environmental reviews as the above requirements were implemented through procedures, the results of these procedures is embodied in records that in our proposed EMS model is called Formats. To meet the objective of the ISO 14001 standard, however, EMS should be noted that this does not work alone, it requires the cooperation of each of those involved, so an awareness program and initial training is of paramount importance.

A gestão ambiental no setor público: uma questão de relevância social e econômica / Environmental management in the public sector: a question of social and economic relevancy

Este texto apresenta uma discussão a respeito da necessidade de implantar um sistema de gestão ambiental nos órgãos da administração pública. Efetua-se breve descrição de práticas gerenciais de empresas de setores variados que assumem o compromisso de estabelecer a melhor relação possível entre atividade empresarial, meio ambiente e necessidades humanas presentes e futuras. Expõem-se alguns argumentos de caráter econômico, referentes aos benefícios obtidos por iniciativas privadas que adotaram critérios de ecoeficiência que, em si, seriam suficientes para justificar a implantação de uma política efetiva de gestão ambiental nas instituições públicas. Destaca-se a relevância da criação da Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P), que pretende instaurar uma nova cultura institucional, visando à mobilização dos servidores para a otimização dos recursos, para o combate ao desperdício e para a busca de uma melhor qualidade do ambiente de trabalho. Evidencia-se que para o êxito e efetivação da agenda será decisivo o grau de engajamento do próprio servidor e de seus dirigentes.

Discussing the need to implement an environmental management system in civil service entities, this paper offers a brief description of some management practices used by companies in various sectors that are endeavoring to establish the best possible relationships between business activities, environmental issues and human needs, today and in the future. Some economic arguments are presented, including the benefits obtained by private sector companies adopting eco-efficiency criteria that are in themselves sufficient to justify the implementation of an effective environmental management policy in government institutions. The relevance is also stressed of drawing up the Civil Service Environment Agenda (A3P), striving to introduce a new cultural approach that will mobilize civil servants in order to optimize resources, combating waste and encouraging better work environments. For this Agenda to be effective, civil servants and managers must obviously be fully engaged.

Auditoría legal ambiental: el nuevo requerimiento de la Norma ISO 14001-2004

Resume los conceptos de auditoría ambiental y auditoría legal ambiental en el marco de la Norma ISO 14001-2004. Enumera sus distintas etapas: preparación, ejecución y seguimiento como también la conveniencia de su adopción teniendo en cuenta la definición de "responsabilidad contingente"

Auditoría legal ambiental: el nuevo requerimiento de la Norma ISO 14001-2004

Resume los conceptos de auditoría ambiental y auditoría legal ambiental en el marco de la Norma ISO 14001-2004. Enumera sus distintas etapas: preparación, ejecución y seguimiento como también la conveniencia de su adopción teniendo en cuenta la definición de "responsabilidad contingente"